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Dumortierite

Dumortierite is better known in the massive form, making as attractive violet and blue decorative stone when polished. Reddish brown and red varieties also occur. Prismatic crystals bigger than 1mm are extremely rare. Demortierite can also be found Intergrown with rock crystal (colourless quartz), and it is then called dumortierite quartz. These components is generally cut en cabochon or polished to create decorative stones.
Most gem-quality material can be found in Nevada (USA). Other localities include France, Madagascar, Norway, Sri Lanka, Canada, Poland, Namibia and Italy.
Dumortierite was named following the French scientist, M.E. Dumortier.
Properties
Chemical Composition: 
Aluminium Borosilicate - Al7O3(BO3)(SiO4)3
Classification / Type: 
-
Colors / Varieties: 
Blue, violet, brown, pinkish, bluish green, greenish
Crystal System / Forms: 
Orthorhombic System / Prismatic crystals, often massive, fibrous, granula
Hardness: 
8 - 8.5; massive varieties 7
Specific Gravity: 
3.26 - 3.41
Cleavage / Fracture: 
Perfect 1 directional. Not observed in massive.
Optic Character: 
Anisotropic, D.R.; Biaxial negative. Commonly Opaque.
Lustre: 
Sub-Vitreous
Refractive Index / Birefringence: 
1.686 - 1.723 / 0.037
Pleochroism: 
Strong pleochroism if transparent, otherwise unable to detect.
Dispersion: 
-
Magnification: 
Parallel fibrous inclusions, crystals, fingerprints.
U.V. Fluorescence: 
Blue to bluish white in shortwave.
Spectrum: 
-
Cause of Color: 
-
Treatment (Enhancement): 
-
Specific Tests & Remarks: 
Most gem quality dumortierite is actually dumortierite in quartz and may give R.I. readings for quartz.
Synthesis: 
-
Simulants (with key separation tests): 
Sugilite (structure), Chalcedony (structure), Fluorite (optic character, R.I., U.V. fluorescence)
Geological Occurrence: 
Aluminous metamorphic rocks.
Sources: 
France, U.S.A. (Arizona), Sri Lanka, Brazil.
Cuts & Uses: 
Generally opaque gemstones are available and are cut into cabochons. Transparent varieties are very rare.
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